What is a ‘trauma’?
- The neurobiological effects of traumatic experience
- Impact of trauma on brain development
- Threat and the developing brain
How Trauma is Encoded in the Brain and Body
- Implicit versus explicit memory
- Procedural learning
- Assessment of trauma-related symptoms and co-morbidities
- Differential diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder, C-PTSD, developmental trauma
- Assessment tools and scales
Applications of Neurobiological Research to Treatment
- Assumptions of neurobiologically-informed treatment
- Helping clients increase activity in the prefrontal cortex
- Fostering the growth of new neural pathways
- Research risks and limitations
Trauma-informed Treatment Planning
- Addressing ongoing neurobiological effects of the trauma
- Phase-oriented treatment model
- Well-accepted trauma treatment approaches
- Evidence-based treatments
- Strategies from EMDR, IFS and SP
- Contraindications for treatment
- Stabilization Phase Treatment
- Assist clients to identify and differentiate trauma-related symptoms
- Observing triggers and triggering
- Dis-identifying from implicit memories
- Reframing the symptoms to reduce shame
Use of Mindfulness-based Interventions
- Mindfulness in the context of therapy
- The effect of mindfulness on the brain
- Using mindful language and interventions to promote neuroplastic change
Implementing the Principles of Neuroplastic Change in Therapy
- Inhibition of old patterns of thinking/behaving
- Intensive repetition of new patterns or skills
- Role of mindful concentration
Treatment of Traumatic Memories
- Implicit versus explicit memory
- A neurobiologically-informed approach to processing explicit memory
- Risk factors and complications of memory processing
- Approaches to treatment of traumatic memory
Resolving Implicit Memory
- Treatment approaches for addressing implicit memory
- Overcoming the fear of traumatic memory
- Assessing when memory has been adequately processed
Traumatic Attachment
- When the source of safety is the source of threat
- “Frightened” and “Frightening” caregiving
- Disorganized-unresolved attachment as survival defense
- Impact of disorganized attachment on affect regulation/dysregulation
Effects of Disorganized Attachment in Therapy
- Phobia of therapy and the therapist
- Traumatic transference and disorganized attachment
- Affect dysregulating effects of psychotherapy
- Increasing regulatory ability in therapy
- Right brain-to-right brain communication
Addressing Disorganized Attachment
- The therapist as neurobiological regulator
- Minimizing negative affect
- Maximizing positive affect
- Playfulness, acceptance, curiosity, and empathy
Dissociation as a Complication of Trauma
- Fragmentation and dissociation as an adaptation to trauma
- Understanding client symptoms as manifestations of fragmented parts
- Mindful observation of distress and impulsive behavior as parts-related
- Dis-identification with the parts and symptoms
Changing the Client’s Relationship to Themselves and Their Parts
- Increasing empathy for the parts
- Facilitating inner dialogue and negotiation
- Replacing self-hostility with self-compassion
Treating the Effects of Trauma-shame
- Understanding shame as a defensive survival response
- Shame as a source of safety in trauma
- Combatting shame-based cognitive schemas
- Treatment of shame as a part of the personality
Addressing the Effects of Persistent Fear
- The role of fear as a survival defense
- A neurobiologically-informed approach to addressing anxiety symptoms
- Treatment of anxiety as a part of the personality
Interventions for the Effects of Anger and Hostility
- The role of anger as a survival defense
- Discharging anger versus using anger to empower
- Treatment of anger as a part of the personality